![]() ![]() It is more than a mere nuisance for companies, even small ones, if vital files and documents, networks, or servers are suddenly encrypted and inaccessible. Various real-world examples of these scenarios are given in the next section when describing our models. Victims are often left with little choice: to regain access to their encrypted data without a decryption key, they have to either pay a ransom to the criminals behind the ransomware or try to restore from data backup (or rebuild the system in the absence of backup). It is a form of malicious software, or malware, that encrypts files and documents on a computer system, which can be a single PC or an entire network, including servers. Ransomware is a major type of cybercrime that organizations face today. Furthermore, our analysis of the D-I game suggests that the introduction of insurance leads to moral hazard as expected, with the defender reducing their efforts less obvious is the interesting observation that this reduction is mostly in their backup effort. We observe that the backup effort will be entirely abandoned when recovery is too expensive, leading to the (worst-case) first scenario which rules out recovery. Our analysis of the A-D game shows that the equilibrium falls into one of three scenarios: (1) the defender will pay the ransom immediately without having invested any effort in backup, (2) the defender will pay the ransom while leveraging backups as a credible threat to force a lower ransom demand, and (3) the defender will try to recover data, only paying the ransom when recovery fails. Note that recovery is not guaranteed to be successful, which may eventually lead to the defender paying the demanded ransom. The attacker then decides on a ransom amount in the event of a successful attack, with the defender choosing to pay ransom immediately, or to try to recover their data first while bearing a recovery cost for this recovery attempt. ![]() Our model assumes that the defender can invest in two types of protection against ransomware attacks: (1) general protection through a deterrence effort, making attacks less likely to succeed, and (2) a backup effort serving the purpose of recourse, allowing the defender to recover from successful attacks. To this end, we provide theoretical and empirical analysis of a two-player Attacker-Defender (A-D) game, as well as a Defender-Insurer (D-I) game in the latter, the attacker is assumed to be a non-strategic third party. In cases when files were deleted and they cannot be restored by using standard operating system tools, use Hetman Partition Recovery.In this paper, we present a game-theoretic analysis of ransomware. TORRENT files if a file was lost after accidental or deliberate deleting, formatting the memory card or the internal storage, cleaning the storage device, after a virus attack or a system failure. TORRENT file is always to create it once more. TORRENT file may be deleted.īy no means should you think that the only way to recover a. Sometimes while working with a computer, laptop or other stationary or mobile devices, you may encounter various bugs, freezes, hardware or software failures, even in spite of regular updates and junk cleaning. It does not contain the content being distributed, only the metadata, which includes information about the file or group of files to be downloaded, such as their names, sizes, and folder structure. TORRENT extension?Ī TORRENT file is a file used by BitTorrent, a peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing program, for downloading a file (often from multiple locations at one time). ![]()
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